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‘Nubian monkey’ song and Arab racism | Nesrine Malik


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The fairness of Lebanese singer Haifa Wehbe’s skin makes her patronising lyric all the more problematic for black Egyptians

Haifa Wehbe, a popular Lebanese pop singer, has always been a controversial figure. The queen of a relatively new breed of voluptuous, coquettish starlets, her provocative lyrics, attire and music videos have won her popularity among Arab men who lust after her, women who want to emulate her, and now children targeted by her latest album. It is in objection to allegedly racially insulting lyrics from this album that a group of Nubian lawyers submitted an official complaint to Egypt’s public prosecutor calling for one of the songs to be banned.

The offending track, Baba Feen, a children’s ditty shot in a bizarre Alice-in-Wonderland-meets-Teletubbies video, features Wehbe as a very sexy mother trying to cajole her young son into going back to bed – which he refuses to do unless she meets several demands, one of which is to fetch him his teddy bear and “Nubian monkey”.

This perceived reference to black Egyptians has provoked anger among the country’s Nubian minority and the diva is now facing claims that the song’s lyrics are discriminatory and are fuelling racist attitudes towards Nubians, allegedly contributing to playground bullying of dark-skinned children. The episode seems to have galvanised members of the Nubian community, who originate from southern Egypt and north Sudan, the descendants of the founders of the Nubian kingdom, one of Africa’s earliest black civilisations, which flourished along the banks of the Nile some 3,000 years BC.

The singer has apologised profusely for any offence caused and claimed that the song was penned by an Egyptian writer who told her that the term referred to a popular children’s street game (which makes no sense in the context of the song, where the boy is ticking off a list of toys he wants including a teddy bear, Barbie and toy musical organ).

It is one of very few incidents I recall where racism against black Arabs has been addressed or discussed in the media and public arena apart from flash points over the treatment of foreign Arab black refugees. In an infamous incident in 2005, more than 20 Sudanese refugees died after heavy-handed treatment by Egyptian authorities.

While Egypt’s Nubian minority are largely absent from popular culture and the upper echelons of politics and business, some dark-skinned figures such as Mohamed Mounir and the late Ahmad Zaki achieved iconic status. Residual attitudes still remain, though. It always annoyed me that Zaki was often referred to as “the asmar (loosely translated as dark or dusky) artist”. That struck me as casual racism in the guise of fetishised endearment, similar to the way black girls are treated in the streets of Cairo when apparently being complimented on their dark complexions (being referred to as “Kit Kat” just isn’t cute). Perceptions are so entrenched that they are not seen as offensive and find their way into pop media.

The fact that a surgically enhanced fair-skinned Lebanese singer is at the centre of this controversy is perhaps not just bad luck. Lebanese standards of beauty and complexion have taken the Arab world by storm since the resurgence of the Lebanese in media after the end of the Lebanese civil war, further limiting the accepted definition of beauty as light-skinned, catty-eyed and slim-nosed. Fair & Lovely, a popular whitening cream, advertises itself on Arabic TV when a model is rejected for being too dark, only to be ecstatically accepted after a few weeks of applying the magic cream. As Wehbe is the very epitome and embodiment of this standard, the lyric is that much more patronising.

The absence of a culture of political correctness in a society that generally promotes very limited and monolithic ideals of identity means that minority rights suffer, and that most would dismiss the complaint as an overreaction to a mindless children’s tune sung by an equally vacant performer. But it is not only through obvious flare-ups and incidents that discrimination is perpetuated – it is also also through the everyday normalisation of racist address and the apathy this breeds.

The Nubians want a formal apology and an end to airing the song in Egypt. Perhaps this will call attention to an endemic culture of racial stereotyping in the region and raise the standards of reference to darker-skinned Arabs in Egypt and elsewhere.


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Charlie Brooker: The life of Mariah Carey sounds terribly demanding


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I can scarcely imagine the level of forelock-tugging servility Mariah Carey must have encountered during her lifetime

Last week Mariah Carey turned on the Christmas lights at the Westfield shopping centre in Shepherds Bush, west London. That might sound like a trivial event of interest only to cretins, but remember: hundreds of thousands of brave men and women died in combat so the current generation could enjoy such freedoms. The assembled masses weren’t simply taking mobile phone snapshots of a vastly overrated singer emptily promoting a commercially- appropriated religious festival celebrating the birth of a man who would have doubtless vomited up his own ribcage in disgust at the mere sight of the hollow, anaesthetising capitalist moonbase that is the Westfield Centre. No. They were honouring the fallen. Sort of. Vaguely. OK: not at all.

Anyway, any story featuring Carey has to at some point dwell on a list of outlandish arch-diva requests, and this one didn’t disappoint. According to early press reports, she demanded to be driven along a long pink carpet in a vintage Rolls-Royce before arriving at the podium (also pink) at which point she’d activate the lights by waving a magic wand, accompanied by 20 white kittens and 100 white doves. Pink, butterfly-shaped confetti would shower all around her at the end of the ceremony.

In the event, that turned to be bullshit. She arrived in a Merc, burbled a few inanities (“Wow, I’ve never been to a mall in London before!”), shook hands with some charity kids, and sodded off out of there. In fact the most startling thing about Carey’s turn was her outfit: a pair of jeans so tight she was virtually ingesting them. No kittens. No doves. Not even a pink podium. You could be forgiven for thinking the papers had just lazily printed a load of PR bibble cynically engineered to promote the event by playing on popular assumptions about Carey’s caprice, and had done so without bothering to check any of the facts.

Thing is, even if Carey had made a string of crazy demands, I wouldn’t blame her. I doubt many celebrities start out behaving like foot-stamping little Caligulas, but years of having their arses kissed left, right and centre – yes, even on that centre bit – steadily drives them insane.

I’ve seen it happen in my own life, in my own little way. About 10 years ago I was co-presenting a technology show on a niche digital channel with an audience of about six. This was my first time in front of the cameras. I had less screen presence than the Invisible Man and the sex appeal of a fatal headwound. Since the show was shot in the “zoo” format popular at the time, the camera often roved dangerously close to my face, which made the experience of watching me a bit like gazing through a security peephole to see John Merrick leering ominously on your doorstep. I was unfunny, uncomfortable and charmless. Things have changed since then, obviously. I’m fatter.

Anyway, during the first week of making the show, the runner would come over between takes to check whether I needed anything. A chair, perhaps? A glass of water? At first, this was embarrassing. I didn’t want anyone making a fuss of me. But one of the primary rules of television is to keep “the talent” happy, and consequently there was no let-up. So you accept the proffered chair, sup the glass of water. And after several weeks of pampering, something snaps in your brain. You grow accustomed to the attention; like wireless broadband, it’s an everyday miracle you simply take for granted. Before long, the moment you get thirsty, your first thought is no longer “I’ll go and pour myself a drink”, but something along the lines of “Where’s that runner gone?”, “Why haven’t I been watered already?”, or “Isn’t this a disgusting breach of my human rights?”

And that’s the treatment given to an ugly bloke on a cheap satellite show. I can scarcely imagine the level of forelock-tugging servility Carey must have encountered during her lifetime. Her record company probably employs someone to walk 10 paces in front of her, breathing on all the doorknobs in her mansion so they won’t feel cold to the touch. Not that she’ll have touched a doorknob in 15 years. She must think every door in the world opens by magic at the first sign of her approach.  

Under those circumstances, you’d rapidly lose all respect for “regular people” and start issuing lunatic demands for them to follow, partly to keep yourself amused, and partly out of sheer disgust. After all, if you’re going to bow each time I enter the room, I might as well make you kiss my feet a few times while you’re down there.

Come to think of it, maybe that’s why it’s hard to detect much in the way of palpable feeling in Carey’s music. Her singing voice wavers up and down through the octaves, like someone slowly tuning a shortwave radio in search of an authentic emotion. It’s technically amazing, but almost impossible to relate to on a human level – possibly because she no longer experiences anything akin to regular human life. She might not even experience proper emotions these days. She might have people who do that for her. Aides who rush in and hitch up the corners of her mouth each time she starts to smile, and mop down her cheeks with tiny hand-knitted towels when she cries.

But is it Mariah’s fault if she’s over-indulged? No. It’s yours. You specifically are to blame.

Oh OK: it’s society’s fault. If society insists on treating celebrities like royalty, there’s little point lambasting them for behaving like princesses. It’s nurture, not nature. And besides, the press is probably making it up anyway. Tales of the cosseted few whistling through an unreliable sphincter into the eyes and ears of the many: that’s entertainment news, that is. 

• To order a copy of Charlie Brooker’s latest book The Hell Of It All for £8.99 (RRP £12.99) call 0845 606 4232 or go to guardian.co.uk/bookshop


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Say no to asbos for downloaders | Charlotte Gore


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The internet is such a huge part of life that Mandelson’s plans to cut people off for copyright breach is a clear restriction of liberty

At 33 years old I’m more Generation X than Generation X-Box. I’m too old to be one of the new wave of “digital natives” who’ve never known life without the internet, but I’m just about young enough (and geeky enough) to consider myself an enthusiastic immigrant. I moved in about 13 years ago, and if I could swear an oath of allegiance to some Head Of The Internet State, I wouldn’t hesitate.

Sadly there is no president of the internet, which is a shame because it means I’m stuck with my British passport instead. And relations between Britain and the internet have been strained of late.

Lord Mandelson is seeking to grant himself significant powers in the fight against copyright infringement – the ability to do just about anything so long as it’s in the interest of protecting copyright, and without having to go through parliament.

This is disturbing not just because it represents a triumph of executive power over the normal democratic process, but also because it also reflects the increasing hunger our politicians have to control the internet. For the politicians that’s a hopeless dream, but the damage they can do in the trying is real.

The beauty of the internet is the egalitarianism of it. It is empowering, enriching and liberating in the most literal sense: freedom of speech, freedom of association, access to knowledge and access to the most exciting and glorious marketplace in the world.

We organise our social lives with it, we do our banking and pay our bills through it. We access public services and news and we express ourselves creatively through it. Politics has been opened up and democratised through blogging, Twitter and access to information and debate.

Despite this, Mandelson wants to be able to ban individuals from it as punishment for copyright infringement. It’s an idea that has the media giants rubbing their hands together with glee. Yet what they want is impossible – at least, not possible yet. First, the vast majority of home wireless connections aren’t secure. Our internet connections can be easily hijacked and used by other people without our permission or knowledge, and the owner of the phone line will get the blame for what they do.

Second, people do not have their own personal connections to the internet – households share them. By banning the person who owns the phone line, they ban the entire family (and, of course, the neighbour who’s been downloading episodes of Lost through it).

All this together means Mandelson’s plan violates the fundamental principle that people are innocent until proven guilty, and that only the guilty should be punished. His system would see parents thrown off because of their children, children thrown off because of their parents and all thrown off because of a stranger.

So here’s the key question: do we want to live in a society where people can be cut off from the internet without a trial, without a jury and without proving they committed any offence at all?

How to answer that depends on how you view the internet. Is it like a hi-fi that the council can confiscate if you disturb your neighbours, or is it more like being banished from the town you live in?

I vote banished. I know enough people who don’t have friends in the real world, who socialise exclusively online. I know people who depend on access to the internet for their careers and livelihoods. It’s become such a huge part of our lives, of the way we live and interact with each other that cutting people off from it is a clear and severe restriction of their liberty.

This is the case we need to make – that the government should not be able to restrict people’s liberty on a whim. If copyright infringement is a crime, it needs to be treated like any other crime. What we’re getting instead – asbos for downloaders – is a powerful reminder that when it comes to civil liberties we can’t let our guard down against this government, no matter how close to the end it may be.


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Best of the next decade: Gil Scott-Heron’s I’m New Here


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Rather than treating them like national treasures, let’s hope musicians stretch their prejudices about what older artists can do

In the week that NME announced its 50 records of this past decade, I heard one of the next decade’s best. I admit this sounds like an outrageous claim, especially in a world saturated with statements about what’s fresh and hot. But when the album I’m talking about twists a 21st-century phenomenon in a refreshing way, and redirects it towards a rather interesting future, I think polemic is necessary. The record is by Gil Scott-Heron – the artist most famous for his politicised 70s jazz-funk – and it is called, rather wonderfully, I’m New Here.

The 21st-century phenomenon this album could reinvent is that of “heritage music”. Rick Rubin became the creator of this new genre in 1994, sitting Johnny Cash in his living room and encouraging the spartan, sublime results. Rubin’s reinvention of Cash’s sound made sense artistically in the wake of grunge – a genre predicated on an authentic connection to raw emotions – and helped encourage new audiences to explore his back catalogue.

Fifteen years on, with the music industry in freefall and more beholden than ever to the back catalogue big-hitters, it’s hardly surprising that these reinventions keep coming – Neil Diamond, Tom Jones, Tony Christie et al. Still, it’s miserable how little they have moved on artistically. Take Shirley Bassey’s recent album, The Performance, full of songs written by contemporary artists. Most of them swaddled her in cosy arrangements that added years to her voice, with only the sparky The Girl from Tiger Bay by the Manic Street Preachers making the Dame sound like she was far from the grave.

Which is where Scott-Heron’s record comes in. Despite his absence from record studios in recent decades, and problems with drug addiction, this record sounds fiercely alive, tilting towards Cash’s American Recordings, but also startlingly different.

Firstly, all bar two of these tracks were written by Scott-Heron himself, and the autobiographical details pack a particular punch because the words are his own. When Scott-Heron talks about the people that shaped it, including his guardian, he does so in unvarnished poetry – “Lily Scott, absolutely not your room service, mail order typecast black grandmother”, he booms – and his a cappella narratives scatter through his record like shadowy hip-hop skits. The effect is respectful, yet staggering. You not only get a sense that Scott-Heron is trying to link hip-hop with a broader tradition of storytelling, but that he wants to expand the reach of this music, as well as himself.

Even more striking are the sounds that Scott-Heron’s words weave around. Your Soul and Mine develops the dubstep atmospheres of Burial and Shackleton, while Where Did the Night Go conjures up the memory of The Dead Flag Blues by Godspeed You! Black Emperor and gives it a new, heavy pulse. The opening track, On Coming from a Broken Home (Part 1), rises from a sample from Flashing Lights by Kanye West – an artist who previously sampled Scott-Heron on a 2005 album track. Such a steal could suggest an old artist trying to appear modish, but it works – this risk instead showing a man embracing the music he helped create, and taking it to new places.

As the new decade comes in, let’s hope other musicians undertake similar endeavours – stretching their prejudices about what older artists can do. I include Jack White in this request, who made a cosy album for Loretta Lynn in 2004, and who is to work with rockabilly singer Wanda Jackson next year. The indications are good – the 72-year-old Jackson saying to an Oklahoma newspaper that “[Loretta] just did her little Loretta Lynn songs … but he’s gonna stretch me some.” And so White should. Rather than being treated as national treasures, artists such as Jackson and Scott-Heron are living, breathing icons whose talents we should encourage. And in this peculiar world in which music charges on, we should support them. After all, they are new here.


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